Hormone, Diabetes and Metabolism Terms

Glycemic index ranks how quickly a carbohydrate food raises blood glucose compared with a standard reference amount of glucose.

Every cell in the body runs it, it needs no oxygen, and for a red blood cell it is the only source of energy available.

Timing is everything with this hormone: released in pulses it switches the pituitary on, delivered steadily it switches the same gland off.

Goiter is a visibly or palpably enlarged thyroid gland that can occur whether thyroid hormone levels are normal, low, or high.

A hormone made by the hypothalamus (part of the brain).

A hormone made in the laboratory that has the same effect as the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) produced naturally by the body.

A genetic condition that causes unusual facial features and disorders of the skin, bones, nervous system, eyes, and endocrine glands.

Growth hormone is a pituitary hormone that stimulates growth during childhood and continues regulating metabolism and tissue repair in adults.

An autoimmune condition of the thyroid gland (a gland located beneath the larynx).

An autoimmune condition of the thyroid gland (a gland located beneath the larynx).

Molecular chaperones named after the heat experiment that revealed them, though they work constantly and not only in a crisis.

A hepatocyte is the main parenchymal cell of the liver and carries out many of the organ’s metabolic, synthetic, and detoxifying functions.

More glucose circulating than the body can move into its cells, a state with several causes besides diabetes.

Receptors, not the messenger, decide the effect, which is why a single hormone can quicken the heart and slow the gut at once.

A cell protein that binds a specific hormone.

A test to measure the amount of certain proteins, called hormone receptors, in cancer tissue.

Hormones (estrogen, progesterone, or both) given to women after menopause to replace the hormones no longer produced by the ovaries.

In oncology, describes cancer that responds to hormone treatment.

When radioactive material is used to examine the thyroid with a scanner, nodules that collect more radioactive material than the surrounding thyroid tissue are considered "hot." Hot nodules are…

Three letters that in most conversations mean menopause, but that also cover thyroid, testosterone and gender-affirming treatment.