Laboratory, Pathology & Biomarkers terms

A biological molecule found in blood, other body fluids, or tissues that is a sign of a normal or abnormal process, or of a condition or disease.

A substance that is sometimes found in an increased amount in the blood of people who have certain cancers, other diseases, or who smoke.

The study of cells using a microscope.

The amount of the protein prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood that is not attached to other proteins.

The study of body tissues and cells.

Research done in a laboratory.

A broken bone caused by disease, often by the spread of cancer to the bone.

The description of cells and tissues made by a pathologist based on microscopic evidence, and sometimes used to make a diagnosis of a disease.

A laboratory method used to make many copies of a specific DNA sequence.

A laboratory method used to make many copies of a specific DNA sequence.

A measurement of how fast PSA levels in the blood increase over time.

Examination under a microscope of cells found in sputum (mucus and other matter brought up from the lungs by coughing).