Meaning of malnutrition: Malnutrition is a state of inadequate nutrition, most often from insufficient calories or nutrients, that can result from diet, illness, or impaired absorption.

Definition of malnutrition

Malnutrition is a condition resulting from an inadequate intake or absorption of calories, protein, or essential nutrients such as vitamins and minerals, leading to effects on health, growth, or the body's ability to function and heal.

Malnutrition can develop for many reasons, including a diet lacking enough food or variety, digestive or absorptive disorders that prevent nutrients from being taken up properly, increased nutritional needs from illness or injury, and difficulty eating or swallowing. Chronic diseases, including cancer, kidney disease, and severe infections, can each contribute to malnutrition through several of these mechanisms at once.

Because malnutrition can develop gradually and its early signs can be subtle, such as unintended weight loss or fatigue, it is often identified through a combination of history, physical examination, and laboratory testing rather than from a single obvious symptom.

Used in a sentence

The patient's malnutrition was addressed with nutritional supplementation and dietary counseling.

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Good to know

Malnutrition can occur even in someone who eats an adequate amount of food if the body cannot properly absorb or use the nutrients consumed, so intake alone does not rule out the condition.

Word origin

Where “malnutrition” comes from

Formed from Latin malus, meaning bad, and nutrire, meaning to nourish.

For learning, not diagnosis. This glossary provides general educational information and is not a substitute for advice from a qualified healthcare professional. If you may be experiencing a medical emergency, contact local emergency services.