proximal
Meaning of proximal: Proximal describes a body part positioned nearer to the trunk or point of attachment, the opposite of distal, and is used to describe anatomical location.
Definition of proximal
Proximal is a directional term used to describe the position of one structure relative to another, indicating that it is closer to the trunk of the body or to a defined point of reference, such as where a limb attaches. It is most often used together with its opposite, distal, to describe locations along an arm, leg, or other elongated structure.
For example, the shoulder is proximal to the elbow, and the elbow is in turn proximal to the wrist, since each is progressively closer to the trunk. The same proximal and distal relationship is used to describe locations along blood vessels, nerves, and the digestive tract, not only limbs.
Because proximal and distal describe relative position rather than a fixed location, the same structure can be called proximal in relation to one landmark and distal in relation to another, so the point of reference used alongside it always matters.
Used in a sentence
The fracture was located in the proximal third of the femur.
Good to know
Proximal and distal are relative terms rather than fixed locations, so the same point along a limb or vessel can be described as proximal to one landmark and distal to another.
Word origin
Where “proximal” comes from
Formed from Latin proximus, meaning nearest, the superlative form of prope, meaning near.