microRNA
Meaning of microRNA: MicroRNA is the full name behind the abbreviation miRNA, a short RNA molecule that silences messenger RNAs rather than coding for a protein itself.
Definition of microRNA
MicroRNA, commonly abbreviated miRNA, is a class of small RNA molecules present within cells and in the bloodstream, much shorter than messenger RNA or ribosomal RNA. Rather than coding for a protein, a microRNA molecule acts as a regulator of other genes.
A microRNA works by binding to a specific messenger RNA molecule, generally blocking that messenger RNA from directing protein production or marking it for breakdown. Because a single microRNA can target multiple different messenger RNAs, and a single messenger RNA can be regulated by more than one microRNA, this system allows for finely graded control over gene activity.
MicroRNAs are involved in normal processes such as development and cell differentiation, and abnormal microRNA activity has been associated with various diseases, including cancer. Measuring specific microRNAs in blood or tissue is being explored as a potential way to help detect or classify certain conditions, though this remains an active area of research rather than routine practice.
Also known as
Used in a sentence
The research team profiled microRNA expression in tissue samples from the study participants.
Good to know
MicroRNA based blood tests remain largely investigational rather than standard practice, so a research finding involving microRNA does not necessarily reflect a test used in routine clinical care.
Word origin
Where “microRNA” comes from
Formed from Greek mikros, meaning small, combined with RNA, an abbreviation for ribonucleic acid.